Keeping hydrated means keeping safe

Dehydration takes place when we lose more fluids than we take in. As we age our sense of thirst declines. Also, body composition changes as we get older and our kidneys don’t function quite as well, meaning our bodies retain less water. This means that even when you need to replenish your fluids you may not realise it. By the time an elderly person feels thirsty they may be taking the first step towards dehydration.

Water is necessary for nearly every bodily function, from lubricating joints to regulating body temperature and pumping blood to the muscles. So not getting enough of it can have serious health consequences. Adding to the problem is that symptoms of dehydration in the elderly often go unrecognised. Many of the earliest signs, like dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness and muscle cramps, are nonspecific and could be easily attributed to other medical conditions, medications or natural effects of aging. So, what are some of the signs watch for?

• Confusion and disorientation

Elderly people can become confused for a variety of reasons; dehydration is one of them. It also comes with physical symptoms that include dizziness, difficulty walking, and disorientation, which can lead to a higher tendency to falls. A drop in blood pressure, which may also be down to dehydration, can also cause these symptoms.

• Tiredness and changes in mood

Dehydration can also make people irritable and tired. Good hydration will be helpful in preventing or treating cognitive impairment and memory loss.

• Difficulty using the bathroom

If your loved one is constipated or does not urinate as often as usual this may be a source of concern. Urine should be fairly light in colour. Darker urine indicates a high concentration of minerals and other contaminants that urine flushes out of the body.

There is a simple test that can be carried out. Gently pull the skin on the back of your hand up and hold it there for a few seconds before letting go. If the skin does not bounce back within a few seconds, it is a possible symptom of dehydration. Recognising the signs of dehydration early is important. Encouraging safe access to drinks, little and often is the best option, and suggesting foods which are high in fluid content such as ice lollies, jellies, nourishing soups or water rich fruits like melons will contribute to making hydration easy.